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NGVs by BMW, Opel, Fiat and Volvo: Old models threatens expensive retrofitting

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Who wants to be cost-effective on the road with natural gas vehicles, which should keep away from older models of Volvo, BMW, Fiat and Opel. As the “Auto Bild” warns they lose after 15 years of the license and must be renewed for a lot of money.

Has the tank system of NGVs an expiration date? If one believes the now emerging issue of “Auto Bild”, this is the case with older models of the manufacturer BMW, Opel, Fiat and Volvo. Their tanks do not meet the standard international automotive directive ECE R 110 for drive systems with compressed natural gas (CNG), according to the journal. Instead, they were only in the context of already detached German pressure vessel regulations (DruckbehV) allowed, providing for renewal of the tank system after 15 years.

Older gas mileage can be a cost trap
Are the models whose tank system represents only the pressure vessel regulation, not be renewed after 15 years, stop operation. And the renovation can be costly. The “Auto Bild” According to the owner of the natural gas vehicles has then only the opportunity to officially deliver the TÜV, the natural gas system and without the CNG drive to continue to use the vehicle. But this is anything but economical because the heavy tank system still located on board.

Manufacturers offer so far little help to
The trademarks, the older models are affected, help customers previously little. BMW denies loud “Auto Bild” even that the approval of the tanks after 15 years expires. Fiat expressed so far also not to a possible solution of the problem. Volvo declaration to the journal that the tank system is already designed only for a period of 15 years. Only Opel offers its customers to create a pattern by individual approval report in accordance with the current directive ECE R 110th What should this cost, however, is not known.


First indications: brain stimulation improves Speaking after stroke

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Neurologists have succeeded in a small model study, using external electrical stimuli to the head to improve the language skills of stroke patients. The results were presented in Dusseldorf at the 60th Annual Scientific Meeting of the German Society for Clinical Neurophysiology (DGKN).

For in February in the neurology journal “Brain” published study 26 male and female patients were treated with chronic aphasia eight days two times 20 minutes per day with direct current stimulation. The doctors conducted with two external electrodes attached to the head a weak electric current through the skull into the brain. Simultaneously, the patient went for about three hours language training, in which they should relearn to name objects such as “candle” or “Balloon”. One group was given during training, electrical stimulation, the second group received sham stimulation.

Although both groups improved initially by training. “But the group with the right stimulation made more progress,” said Professor Agnes Flöel, neurologist at the Berlin Charité. “At each meeting, it has been observed a slightly larger increase in learning than in the group with sham stimulation.” After eight days, the difference was already “quite large” been.

The positive effects of brain stimulation lasted for about six months, said study leader Flöel. Patients could better identify objects correctly, but also complete purchases easier or doctor calls after therapy. A larger study with 150 to 200 patients at other sites to follow, according to Flöel.

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Studies on brain stimulation there was already in patients with motor deficits after stroke. but measurements in aphasia patients were complicated. Aphasia is a disorder of language processing, but no memory impairment. Stakeholders may not make the connection between an object and the linguistic term. “That is, they see the candle, but can not find the words to” Flöel said.

DGKN Congress president Alfons Schnitzler, a neuroscientist at the University Hospital Dusseldorf, commented very positively about the study. She was a “milestone” in the direction of a therapeutic use of non-invasive brain stimulation in stroke patients. Non-Surgical Treatments come without cuts from

LESSONS OF DRAWING: A STEP OF EXPENSIVE ART

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Remember how fun balloons flew up when we were kids? How did we like to eat ice cream? And with what impatience did they unfold the gifts that Father Frost brought to us?

The world that we saw for the first time, fresh and fresh impressions, is beautiful. But there is nothing to compare the joy that we experience when for the first time we can capture a fragment of this wonderful world on paper, the happiness that drawing lessons for children give. That’s it – with a pencil or a brush in hand, transferring to paper the imaginative cloud, a tree or a cat – we first touch the Beautiful. After all, the person who follows the path of Art, retains vivid sensations, originality of perception for life. We sometimes so want to help the child to take the first steps on this path, open the door to the magical world before him.

Children draw as they breathe: they have a natural talent that private drawing lessons help to reveal and enrich. The main thing in drawing lessons for children is not to frighten off the first interest, to awaken in the child the craving for new discoveries, for self-improvement.





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